Félix Edouard Vallotton (December 28, 1865 – December 29, 1925) was a Swiss French painter and print maker associated with
Les Nabise.
Les Nabis (pronounced
nah-BEE) were a group of Post Impressionist- Avante Gard artists who set the pace for fine arts and graphic arts in France
in the 1890s. Initially a group of friends interested in contemporary
art and literature, most of them studied at the private art school Academie Julian in Paris in the late 1880s. He was an important figure in the development of the modern woodcut.
He painted, wrote art criticism
and made a number of prints. In 1891 he executed his first woodcut, a
portrait of Paul Verlaine. The many woodcuts he produced during the 1890s were recognized as
innovative & established Vallotton as a leader in the revival of true
woodcut as an artistic medium
. In the western world, the relief print, in the form of commercial wood graving ,
had long been utilized mainly as a means to accurately reproduce drawn
or painted images & photographs. Vallotton's woodcut style
was novel in its starkly reductive opposition of large masses of
undifferentiated black and areas of unmodulated white. Vallotton
emphasized outline and flat patterns & generally eliminated the
gradations and modeling traditionally produced by hatching. He was influenced by Post Impressionist Painting, Symbolism & especially by the Japanese woodcut
.
La raison probante (The Cogent Reason), a woodcut from the series Intimités, 1898
His woodcut subjects included domestic scenes, bathing women,
portrait heads, and several images of street crowds and
demonstrations—notably, several scenes of police attacking anarchists.
He usually depicted types rather than individuals, eschewed the
expression of strong emotion, and "fuse[d] a graphic wit with an acerbic
if not ironic humor".
Vallotton's graphic art reached its highest development in
Intimités (Intimacies), a series of ten interiors published in 1898 by the
Revue Blanche, which deal with tension between men and women.
[5]
Vallotton's woodcuts were widely disseminated in periodicals and books
in Europe as well as in the United States, and have been suggested as a
significant influence on the graphic art of Edvard Munch & Aubrey Beardsle
.

During the
1890s, when Vallotton was closely allied with the avant-garde, his
paintings reflected the style of his woodcuts, with flat areas of color,
hard edges, and simplification of detail. His subjects included genre scenes, portraits and nudes. Examples of his Nabi style are the deliberately awkward
Bathers on a Summer Evening (1892–93), and the symbolist
Moonlight (1895), in the Musse D Orsay .